The Spansih Civil war essays

The Spansih Civil war essays The great dimensions among human kind and the dominating source of conflict will be cultural . Nation Sates will remain the most powerful actors in world affairs, but the principle conflicts of global politics will occur between nations and groups of different civilizations. (Huntington, S, 1993). The following essay will focus on the Spanish Civil War and will attempt to outline a primary single cause of this bloody conflict that occurred in Spain. This conflict has generated a considerable amount of books and due to its extreme significance , it has what we call a literary epitaph which puts it on par with the Second World War. This demonstrates the extent of this conflict and that is why I sought interest to study this conflict in more detail and outline the primary cause of this battle between the right and left wing parties which is the liberal Republic-socialist government who failed in their pursuit of reformation and accentuated the class struggle in Spain. It was surprisingly above all a great international battleground of fascism and communism with all its proponents and opponents. Hitler, Mussolini, Stalin and Trotsky all had substantial parts in the Spanish drama. The Spanish civil war is burned into European consciousness not simply as a rehearsal for the bigger world war to come but because it presaged the opening of the floodgates to a new and horrific form of modern warfare that was universally dreaded (Preston, P, 1986). The question that we should pose in light of the Spanish Civil War is what role has the different classes (the upper, middle and lower) play in supporting or opposing the Republican government or did they oppose liberal democracy and socialism of the Republican order. Catholics and members of the middle class who had been appalled by the view of Republican disorder and anti-clericalism generated by the rightist press were induced to turn a blind eye to the more dista...

Benefits of Canadas Plastic Currency

Benefits of Canadas Plastic Currency Canada is trading in its paper currency for plastic. No, not credit cards, actual plastic money. Sometime late in 2011, the Bank of Canada replaced the nations traditional cotton-and-paper bank notes with currency made from a synthetic polymer. Canada purchases its plastic money from a company in Australia, one of nearly two dozen countries where a plastic currency is already in circulation. New Imagery for New Currency The first polymer-made currency released was the $100 bill, released in 2011 and adorned by the 8th Prime Minister Sir Robert Borden.The new $50 and $20 bills followed in 2012, the latter featuring Queen Elizabeth II. The $10 and $5 bills were released in 2013. Beyond the figurehead, the bills feature a number of interesting design elements. These include an astronaut, the research icebreaker ship CCGS Amundsen, and the word Arctic spelled out in Inuktitut, an indigenous language. Scientific research and innovation are especially well represented on the $100 bill, with depictions of a researcher sitting at a microscope, a vial of insulin, a DNA strand, and an electrocardiogram printout, commemorating the invention of the pacemaker. Practical Benefits of Plastic Currency Plastic money lasts anywhere from two to five times longer than paper money and performs better in vending machines. And, unlike paper currency, plastic money doesnt shed tiny bits of ink and dust that can disable ATMs by confusing their optical readers. Polymer bills are much more complicated to counterfeit. They include a number of security features including difficult-to-copy transparent windows, hidden numbers, metallic holograms, and text printed in a minuscule font. Plastic money also stays cleaner and becomes less grubby than paper money, because the non-porous surface doesnt absorb perspiration, body oils, or liquids. In fact, the plastic money is virtually waterproof, so the bills wont be ruined if they are left in a pocket by mistake and end up in the washing machine. Actually, plastic money can take a lot of abuse. You can bend and twist plastic currency without damaging it. The new plastic money is also less likely to spread disease because its harder for bacteria to cling to the slick, non-absorbent surface. Canada will also pay less for its new plastic money. While the plastic bank notes cost more to print than their paper equivalents, their longer life means Canada will end up printing far fewer bills and save a substantial amount of, well, money in the long run. Environmental Benefits All in all, it looks like plastic money is good for the government and good for consumers. Even the environment could end up cashing in on the trend toward plastic currency. It turns out plastic money can be recycled and used to manufacture other plastic products such as compost bins and plumbing fixtures. A life-cycle assessment commissioned by the Bank of Canada determined that over their entire life cycle, the polymer bills are responsible for 32% fewer greenhouse gas emissions, and 30% reduction in energy need. Yet, the benefits of recycling are not exclusive to plastic money. For the past several years, various companies have been recycling worn-out paper currency and using the recycled material in products ranging from pencils and coffee mugs to, ironically  and  appropriately, piggy banks.

The Role of the Midwife in supporting women with Breech presentation Essay

The Role of the Midwife in supporting women with Breech presentation to have a safe vaginal delivery and the implications for practice - Essay Example As a result, without sufficient training and experience for obstetricians and midwives in managing vaginal breech births, the skills of these practitioners have been reduced. Based on this critical assessment of studies on vaginal breech births, it has been established that there are various factors affecting the incidence of vaginal breech births, lack of experience among birth attendants at the top of the list. Also, the fear of litigation is impacting on the conduct of vaginal breech births. These practitioners are also unwilling to risk the life of the infant by attempting to deliver these infants vaginally. However, as was mentioned, studies have not definitively indicated that caesarean deliveries are actually improving survival rates for breech infants. More studies in line with this research are needed in order to provide specific and definitive results which can be applied in the practice. This dissertation examines the decreasing use of vaginal breech deliveries, in the context of choice available to women, the experience and expertise of the responsible midwives and the trends toward preferential delivery by caesarean section. This dissertation will be based on the author’s perspective, available evidence and current practice and will further evaluate if the women’s choices with regards to delivery of the breech are significantly impacted by the deskilllling of midwives or by the actual risks of the procedure itself. Current practice, as supported by the NICE and RCOG Guidelines recommends the counselling of women on their possible options for delivery, emphasizing the risks involved in vaginal and caesarean births (Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, 2006). Many obstetricians and midwives however have only ever experienced vaginal breech deliveries in a simulated environment, often making vaginal breech births riskier options for women (ROCG, 2006). Since practice is now

Musical analysis of Carmen Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Musical analysis of Carmen - Essay Example There is no issue in conceiving certain thing new, not nobles were easily seeking to recreate the heyday of classic Greek theater. The first arranging of the Opera were the very old Greek performances, with music supplemented, (the initial drama was encompassed music). It was a short step from reading the play with music for vocalizing, not long before composers started composing music for plays. (Ernest Reyer 1983) Comique, where it was conceived in 1875. Toned-down condemnation of the renewal in April 1883 and a reprise of the initial Carmen in October of that year supply fascinating insights into the dynamics of greeting annals in Paris, the management of the influential controller Leon Carvalho, and the power of bewitching vocalist / player Celestine Galli-Marie. While numerous understood the 1875 greeting, the complexity and worth of 1,883 answers have been less studied. (Ernest Reyer 1983) Musically, "Carmen" is preceded by a short orchestral introduction, a very free pattern and did not complicated sufficient to be worthy of the name of the overture. It is nearly a literal transcription of festive music to broadcast the bullfight in the last proceed, encompassing a short saying in F pointed secondary designated childrens chorus and the chorus Toreador in the second act. As (Ernest Reyer 1983) states: This is a "festive disturbance is restored by a short action, Andante Moderato, giving a hitting topic of only two bars, which the whole Opera is certainly connected with Carmen herself. Theme got its hitting result, both theoretical musician will notify us, from Bizets use of odd musical gap -. "Extra seconds" This gap is attribute of well-liked melodies Gipsy tribe, thus, it is worth here. When abruptly there is a woman: â€Å"But not today, it is definitely" With this sense of fast change, which is especially, distinguished her, Carmen proceeds from one feeling to another, abruptly, without transition, from the

The oxidation of ethanol Essay Example for Free

The oxidation of ethanol Essay The purpose of this experiment is to oxidize ethanol and then to test the product to determine whether it has been oxidised to ethanal or oxidised to ethanoic acid. Method We added 6cmi of water to a pear-shaped flask, then added 2cmi of concentrated sulphuric acid, and set up the apparatus as shown below, but with a stopper in place of the dropping funnel. We ensured that all the glass joints were greased. We then had to make up a solution containing 5g of sodium dichromate in 5cmi of water and add 4cmi of ethanol. We had tom pour this mixture into the dropping funnel. We heated the acid in the pear-shaped flask until it was almost boiling and then turned off the bunsen burner. We then had to carefully remove the stopper and put the dropping funnel into the correct position, as shown in the diagram. We then added the mixture containing the ethanol at such a rate to maintain the boiling of the mixture in the pear-shaped flask. We collected the distillate and recorded our observations. After collecting the distillate we had to do two tests to see whether we had oxidised ethanol into ethanal or ethanoic acid. The first test was to put 5 drops of the distillate into a test tube and 5 drops of universal indicator solution. The second test was to put 5 drops of the distillate into a test tube and add a small amount of sodium carbonate. Both of these tests were tests for carboxylic acids. The test for an alderhyde was replaced with sodium carbonate test as we didnt have the resources to carry out the test with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine. Safety There were many hazards in the context of this experiment in some of the chemicals we used that we needed to be aware of. Using ethanol was a hazard as it was highly flammable above 13i C and had a narcotic effect as a result of inhalation of the vapour. It is also dangerous with oxidising agents as uncontrollable reactions take place. To prepare for these hazards we needed to keep the solution away from the bunsen flame and wear goggles in case any uncontrollable reactions happened. The sodium dichromate we used was very toxic and could cause cancer by inhalation and was harmful if swallowed or if contacted with skin sensitisation could occur. Ulceration also could have occurred on damaged skin. It is also dangerous with combustible materials as it forms explosive or vigorously burning mixtures. To prepare for this hazard we needed to be careful not to spill any and to wear lab coats and goggles. Sulphuric acid that we used is very corrosive and can cause severe burns. It is dangerous with sodium as dangerous reactions could take place and also water as vigorous reactions occur when the concentrated acid is diluted. To prepare for this hazard we needed to again make sure we wore lab coats and goggles to protect our eyes, skin and clothing. The sodium carbonate we used was an irritant on the eyes, skin and respiratory system so with this we needed to wear goggles to protect our eyes. With this experiment ethanal could have been formed. Ethanal is extremely flammable above -27i C and is harmful with risks or irreversible effects. It is dangerous with sulphuric acid as violent polymerisation reactions could occur. To prepare for this hazard we needed to keep the possible distillate away from the bunsen flame and wear lab coats and goggles. The other possibility was that ethanoic acid could have been formed. This is corrosive and can cause severe burns. It is flammable above 40i C and the vapour released is very irritating to the respiratory system. To prepare for this hazard we needed to again keep it way from the bunsen burner, wear goggles and lab coats. Observations Throughout the experiment there were many different observations. Whilst mixing the ethanol with the sulphuric acid and water solution the solution changed from clear to orange. It then changed to green and then to a very dark green. This therefore showed that an oxidation reaction was happening. The solution was maintaining boiling point throughout the experiment as it bubbled. To distillate we collected was a clear solution. The two tests we did with the distillate were to add the distillate to universal indicator. This turned the solution bright red. This therefore showed an acid was present. So according to this test we had produces ethanoic acid. The second test was to add sodium carbonate to the distillate. This showed a slight fizzing which also shows the distillate is an acid. Conclusion After doing the experiment my results show that a carboxylic acid has been formed. I have come to this conclusion as after doing both tests with this distillate my results show an acid has been formed. It was an oxidation reaction of a primary alcohol and with this reaction either an alderhyde or carboxylic acid can be formed. The carboxylic acid will have been formed as there would have been an excess of dichromate. The equation for this reaction is: CH3CH2OH + 2[O] CH3COOH + H2O I have made my decision as a carboxylic acid as two tests have shown this and test 1 with the universal indicator proved it was an acid by changing from colourless to red and test 2 showed fizzing which is also the sign of an acid being formed.

Violence in Schools Essay -- School Violence Crime Safety Education Es

Violence in schools is a problem that Americans have had to face at an ever increasing rate. Instead of fistfights, the issues are fatal, like school shootings. Violence is nationally defined as a physical force used to injure, damage or destroy (Guralnik, D., 1997, P.1490). In the past decade, students are using more than physical force. They are using deadly weapons to injure or kill their peers and authority figures, and to destroy school property. Safety is considered to be the freedom from danger and injury damage (Guralnik, D., 1997, P.1181); in other words, freedom from violence. Schools must ensure students and parents that above adequate measures -especially the three most successful- will be provided to make sure schools are safe. Violence has always been an issue among youths in the United States. Until recently, violence and aggression in American schools, in contrast to the more generic topic of youth violence, was not a focus of extensive scholarly research (Gottesman, R., 1999, P.357). It is an utter horror that the violence occurring on the streets has slowly made its way into the classroom. The 1997-1998 school year served as a dramatic wake-up call that guns are accessible to teens and they will use them to kill. Prior to the 1990s the general public rarely discussed or were affected by school related violence. It seemed to be expected in certain parts of the country-urban areas- but was never thought to reach to suburban and rural schools. Starting in late 1997, a chain reaction of appalling incidents spread from state to state. Following each tragedy was increased media attention and public awareness to this growing issue. Endless images of weeping parents and children were seen on every news... ...fe Havens. Portland, Oregon: Northwest Regional Educational Laboratory, 46. Wallace, J., Fravil, K., and Behre, W., (1997). Social Work. School Social Workers and School Violence: Personal Safety, Training, and Violence Programs, 43, (3), 223-231. Gaustad, J. (1994). The Fundamentals of School Security. How Can Attitudes and Behaviors Be Changed to Make Schools Safer?., 2, (132), 98-99. Simmson, B. (1994). School Violence to School Safety. School Psychology, 23, (2), 236-256. Sandell, A. (2000). Alex 2000. Retrieved April 24, 2003, from the World Wide Web: http://www.juicycerebellum.com/debate2.htm. Dwyer, K., Osher, D., and Warger, C. (1998, August). Early warning, timely response: A guide to safe schools. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education. Retrieved April 29, from the World Wide Web: http://cecp.air.org/guide/earlywarning.htm.

Agricultural Land Conservation

Agricultural Land Conservation The issues of land distribution and land conservation in agriculture attract more and more attention, especially when the expansion of cropland is hitting a limit since much more land is conserved for environmental purposes. Soil erosion is devastating the topsoil of land as chemical fertilizers are used to increase output within a limited amount of land. At the same time, livestock production expands at an ever-growing speed, worsening the land use situation.Livestock production, nowadays, consumes a large portion of crop that could be distributed to serve for poor population. A taxation system in favor of production capacity and against environmental damages will encourage farmers to improve their production techniques. Proper regulations could not be emphasized more to make sure that a genuinely sustainable agriculture system will be built with animals to cycle nutrients. Cropland is the land that is suited to or used for crop production. Grazing lan d refers to a field covered with grass or herbage, and suitable for grazing by livestock.FAO is the abbreviation for The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, a specialized organization that leads international efforts to defeat hunger. NCGA is the abbreviation for National Corn Growers Association, which represents America’s corn growers. The expansion of cropland has limited potential due to environmental conservation. At present, more than one point five billion hectares is used for crop production, accounting for twelve percent of the globe’s land surface. According to FAO, there is little scope for further expansion of cropland.Despite the presence of considerable amounts of land potentially suitable for agriculture, much of it is covered by forests, protected for environmental reasons, or employed for unban settlements. Compared with livestock production, crop production requires soil that contains more fertile materials, which makes it harder to find suitable cropland. Livestock production is expected to slow down the rate of soil erosion and improve the quality of soil in the long term. In â€Å"Eroding Future,† published July-August 2011 in the Futurist, author Lester R.Brown reviews that people are liquidating the Earth’s natural assets to fuel their consumption and states that, â€Å"soil erosion exceeds soil formation on one-third of the world’s cropland, draining the land of its fertility† (24). With the presence of animals, the situation could be changed. Soil absorbs nutrients from animal manure, allowing grass and other crops to grow without the addition of synthetic fertilizer, which is the primary cause of soil erosion. Animals play a crucial role in keeping balance of the ecosystem. Livestock production expands at a super speed and occupies more land, leading to deforestation.The livestock sector is by far the single largest anthropogenic user of land. According to Julia Whitty, au thor of â€Å"Livestock Revolution Examined,† published March 16, 2010 in the Mother Jones, more than one point seven billion animals are used in livestock production worldwide, and they, â€Å"occupy more than one-fourth of the Earth’s land† (http://www. motherjones. com/blue-marble/2010/03/livestock-revolution-examined). Expansion of grazing land for livestock production is a key factor in deforestation. About seventy percent of grazing land in dry areas is considered degraded due to overgrazing.The presence of animals in a sustainable agriculture system results in further land use in order to feed them. Most livestock that are employed to enrich land with nutrients are fed with imported crops. If a farmer is not growing his own feed, the nutrients going into the soil are generated by eroding other cropland, thereby undermining the benefits of livestock production. James E. McWilliams, the author of â€Å"The Myth of Sustainable Meat,† published April 1 3, 2012 in the New York Times, argues that, â€Å"This kind of rotational grazing works better in theory than in practice† (A31).According to NCGA’s figures from 2010, more than forty percent of crops go into the mouths of animals that people then consume, in the process squandering huge amounts of resources. The limited increase in cropland and deforestation due to rapid expansion of livestock production require more efficient production plans, one of which is an agriculture income taxation system based on unit output of land. Instead of relying on income sources, such as livestock, grains, or other products, farmers’ income tax should be placed on production capacity of per unit of land.This not only encourages crop producers to increase their unit output of land against the declining potential of expanding cropland, but also discourages unorganized blindly exploitation of forested land. This system levies high tax rates on production income generated on new l and. To protect cropland from eroding, proper policies should be enacted to regulate animals feed to prevent further damages on land resources. Instead of feeding animals on farms with imported crops, they should be fed with crops grown on the same farms.Farmers who employ this practice should receive subsidies so that they will not be put into a dilemma where they have to choose between economic benefits and environmental benefits. Environment protection puts a halt on expanding cropland. To increase gross output of food, fertile lands are overused and losing their general production capacity. Nowadays, livestock production is to blame being the largest land user and land destroyer since it accelerates the process of deforestation. Lots of crops that are supposed to feed people are used to feed livestock, which is a huge waste of land resources.Hence, some tax regulations are proposed to help distribute the world’s usable lands to enhance unit production and avoid blind expl oitation. Crop-livestock production is favorable as long as policy makers devote to regulating the process. Works Cited Brown, Lester R. â€Å"Eroding Futures. † Futurist. July-August, 2011: 23-30. McWilliams, James E. â€Å"The Myth of Sustainable Meat. † New York Times. 13 April, 2012: 31. Whitty, Julia. â€Å"Livestock Revolution Examined. † Mother Jones. 16 March, 2010: http://www. motherjones. com/blue-marble/2010/03/livestock-revolution-examined.

Eastboro Machine Tools Corporation Essay

Our main concern with Eastboro is their current dividend policy. With their current 40% dividend payout ratio, they will have to continue to borrow money to pay their dividend until the end of 2006. In 2007, they finally see an excess of cash after the dividend. With this current ratio, Eastboro’s hope to expand more in the international market is very restrained. Since management does not like to take on debt, they theoretically won’t expand until 2007. However, with the recent restructuring of the company and recommendation of a name change, we feel that the dividend policy needs a make-over, as well. Management wants to focus their energy to moving the image of the company to more of a growth company as opposed to a high dividend paying mature company. To obtain this image, the dividend payout ratio needs to be lowered drastically to a payout ratio of 10%. With this decrease in the payout, the new Eastboro Advanced Systems International (EASI) will convince shareholders of their change to a growth company. Switching to a 10% payout ratio allows Eastboro to see excess cash by 2004, rather than 2007 with the current ratio, giving them the ability to fund the international growth sooner. This will also attract new investors, which in the short-term will offset the expected loss of some current shareholders. We feel that this change will help increase the value of the company and the upside will, in the future, outweigh the downside. The idea behind reducing the payout to 10% is that EASI will be able to  consistently reach this target. At the end of each year, after all projects have been funded, EASI will be able to issue a special dividend to shareholders. With this ability, Eastboro will not have a problem retaining the shareholders or obtaining new shareholders. The recent attack on September 11, 2001 has caused the market to see some low results. Since the stock price has fallen from $30 to $22.15, this would be a good opportunity for EASI to repurchase some stock to help increase the value to the shareholders. Repurchasing some stock at this point will signal to shareholders that management feels strongly about the restructuring of the company. This, also, will give the shareholders the confidence to remain with the company. RECOMMENDATIONS We recommend that Eastboro change their name to Eastboro Advanced Systems International, Inc. to introduce the company as heading in the new direction of becoming a more technology advanced company. We also recommend reducing the dividend payout to 10%, as well as the repurchase of stock at the current price to help increase value. This will reduce the company’s dependency on borrowed funds, reducing the forecasted loss of the company and making them more profitable in shorter time period. This will give them increased cash flows to reinvest in CAD/CAM research to keep the company on the leading edge of advancement of their Artificial Workforce and related products at home and abroad. Along with the change in company dividend payout policy, a statement should be issued to inform the stockholders of the company’s direction and the continued importance to improve the company’s CAD/CAM products. To maximize shareholder wealth, we will be sticking to a 10% dividend in the future with the possibility of special dividends. With these changes, Eastboro will be signaling their focus on becoming a high growth stock. CRITIQUE Overall group five did a very good job addressing the major issues in this  case. They tackled the issues of the dividend policy, the proposed name change for Eastboro, and whether or not to buy back shares of stock. We agree with much of their analysis and recommendations. By lowering the dividend policy to 15%, they are allowing a larger portion of funds to be used for future research and development, an idea we agree with. By cutting this percentage back from a current rate of 40%, there will obviously be a reaction by both current and prospective stockholders. By approving the name change to Eastboro Advanced Systems International, they are signaling to the street that they are committed to future growth, and will no longer be able to be relied upon for high dividend payouts. We also like the fact that they did a dividend valuation, showing that Eastboro is currently under-valued, and does have a strong future. The only major issue we have with their analysis is a couple mistakes in the data they used. In reporting net income for 2001 in their forecasts for potential dividend payouts, they used 8. The correct number here, as given by the text, is 18. Also, they used the wrong depreciation data in several years in this forecast. These mistakes would have been realized if they had reviewed their brief adequately. These mistakes skew the numbers enough to mislead readers, showing the wrong timeframe for excess cash. In conclusion, group five did a very good job on the major issues in this case. However, they should have taken more time reviewing some of their data to ensure accuracy. LIMITATIONS There are several limitations in this case. One of the main issues is what kind of fallout will be produced by the cutting of the dividend payout from the current rate of 40% to a rate of 10%. We are assuming that those who are currently holding the stock for these large dividend payments will either stay with Eastboro, or will be replaced by new investors whose goals better represent Eastboro’s vision. We are also forecasting all numbers with an assumed growth rate of 15%, which obviously has the possibility, if not the probability of fluctuating below or above this number. Also, we are assuming the recent focus on the CAD/CAM technology will be profitable for Eastboro in the long-run, and that this new vision will create value for shareholders. Lastly, we are assuming that the market as a whole will perceive this move for what it is, a change in focus for a solid company with high potential for future growth. An alternative would be that people would look at the cut in dividends for a company who had historically paid them as a signal of weakness for Eastboro. We’re going with the assumption that the name change, as well as proper marketing practices by Eastboro should adequately address this problem.

Does Claustrophobia cause people to deviate from confined areas essays

Does Claustrophobia cause people to deviate from confined areas essays Does Claustrophobia Cause People to Deviate from Confined Areas?References Does Claustrophobia cause people to deviate from confined areas? The independent variable is claustrophobia, and the dependent variable is the confined areas. Our hypothesis to this question is yes claustrophobia can be cured and reduced by cognitive behavioral therapy. The issue of claustrophobia is very important due to its impact on an individuals everyday life, since it affects a number of individuals throughout the world. A phobia is an anxiety disorder that is shown by an irrational fear of confined spaces. This phobia can cause a person to stay away form confined spaces such as a crowded store, sporting and social events, as well as elevators that could bring on this irrational fear. In society this can cause a person not to take part in certain events. This phobia can also lead to the interference with riding on public transportation such as a plane, train, bus or subway. In this our findings will be evident by the research provided. Each of these specific statements below, will help draw a conclusion about claustrophobia: 1) Fear of Restriction and Suffocation 2) The Reduction of Claustrophobia(Part 1) 3) The Reduction of Claustrophobia (Part 2) 4) Virtual Reality Treatment of Claustrophobia Claustrophobic fear is a combination of the fear of suffocation and the fear of confinement. The view on this topic is supported from the responses from a questionnaire done before, during, and after a MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scan was performed. Patients who successfully completed a MRI scan found they experienced fear of confinement not suffocation. These MRI scans were done in long narrow cylindrical chambers, which are dark and restrictive as well as noisy. Although you are not in a sealed chamber, you can literally see the light at the end of the tunnel. Some other chambers that were used in other experiments were enclosed, and rest...

2016 - 2017 ACT Scoring Details

2016 - 2017 ACT Scoring Details The one facet of the ACT exam that seems to stress kids out the very most is the ACT scoring system. Of course, it’s easy to understand why! ACT scoring is very important because money and scholarships can be tied to your composite score and people tend to tie prestige to the score you manage to earn, too. The higher the score, the more bragging rights you get. So, just how does it work? And how do colleges get your scores and use them? Sit tight. You’re about to find out the ins and outs of the ACT scoring system and all the hoopla that goes with it. ACT Scoring Changes The ACT announced in June 2016, that it will be revising the score reporting for the 2016 - 2017 test administrations. What does this mean for you? When you get your score report back after registering, preparing and taking the ACT, you’ll see a number of different things on your scoring sheet. The ACT changed how it reports scoring. Instead of receiving subscores based on the subcategories under each section, students now receive percentages on a comprehensive set of reporting categories. These reporting categories make it easier for parents and students to determine exactly what types of skills testers need to brush up on the most. Heres what your current score report will contain.   Composite Score: Your composite score will be between a 1 (really low) and 36 (genius). This is an average of each multiple choice section.Section Scores: Each multiple-choice test section (English, Math, Reading, and Science) will get a raw score, based on the total number of questions you answer correctly. That score will then be converted to a scaled score, between 1 and 36.STEM Score: In September 2015, the ACT began reporting a STEM score that was the rounded average of Math and Science.ELA Score: At that time, they also began reporting the rounded average of English, Reading, and Writing scores as a general English Language Arts score.Reporting Categories: Although you will not get scores for these areas, per se, you will receive percentages correct out of the categories along with the total possible and total correct.ACT Plus Writing: If you take the Writing test, youll get an overall score between 2 and 12 because although the ACT changed the Writing score to 1-36 like the ot her multiple choice test section scores in 2015, it is changing it back for the 2016 - 2017 administrations. Youll also get four writing competency scores on a scale of 2 - 12 in these domains: Ideas and Analysis, Development and Support, Organization, and Language Use and Conventions. The ACT Reporting Categories Below, youll find the multiple choice sections of the test, along with the reporting categories youll find on your score report. The numbers in parentheses are the total number of questions for a sample score report*. On the score report, youll find the correct number you answered out of that total number, what that number looks like as a percentage, and the ACT Readiness Range, which shows you how your  performance on each reporting category compares to students who have met the ACT College Readiness Benchmark on that section.    *Please note that the number of each type of question could change, depending on the test.    MathPreparing for Higher Math (~35 total questions)Number and Quantity (5)Algebra (8)Functions (8)Statistics and Probability (6)Geometry  (8)Integrating Essentail Skills (~25)Modeling (~22)ScienceInterpretation of Data (~16)Scientific Investigation (~10)Evaluation of Models, Inferences, and Scientific Results (~14)EnglishProduction of Writing (~23)Knowledge of Language (~12)Conventions of Standard English (~40)ReadingKey Ideas and Details (~24)Craft and Structure (~11)Integration of Knowledge and Ideas (~5)Understanding Complex Texts reported as Below, Proficient, or Above How the ACT Scoring Works on the Essay The 2-12 score range for 2016-2017 is very quite than the one used in 2014-2015. The old Writing score was simply the sum of two readers’ grades between 1 - 6. The new score range, however, is an average domain score, rounded up to the nearest number at .5.   Take the following example: A student scoring these domain numbers: Grader As scores: 4, 6, 4, 5Grader Bs scores: 4, 5, 4, 6  Total scores: 8, 11, 8, 11 38Writing score is a 10 because 38/4 9.5 ACT Raw to Scaled Scoring When youre finished with your test and it heads off to be graded, the graders first count the number of questions that you answered correctly in each test section and in each subscore area. The number of correct answers is your raw score. The reporting categories will show you those raw scores - how many questions you actually answered correctly in each category. Then, those raw scores are converted to the scaled scores. Scaled scores are the scores that you’ll get back and the scores that are sent to your high school and the colleges to which you’re applying. The exact raw to scale tables that are used are not published, as they differ depending on the test questions used per test. Having a scaled score allows the ACT to be as fair as possible, considering different test questions and versions are used. The good news is that you don’t have to worry about your raw score except when you’re actually taking the test – you want to answer as many questions correctly as possible and attempt every one. You aren’t penalized for guessing like you are on the SAT. But on your score report, you won’t see your raw score, so you don’t need to sweat it! ACT Scoring Compared To Other Students On your score report, you’ll also see a score percentile, which compares you to the rest of the nation. The national average tends to hover right around a 20 or 21, but many scholarships start at around a 27 composite score and go up from there depending on the school and program to which you’re applying. Here are some ACT scoring averages and percentiles for you to check out: The best of the best ACT scoresAverage national ACT scoresAverage ACT scores for top private universitiesAverage ACT scores for top public universities If I Retake the ACT, Do Colleges See All My ACT Scoring? If you take the ACT more than once, you get to choose which set of scores to send to colleges. So, the schools will not see all of your ACT scores unless you choose to send them all. This is a very big deal especially if you do not perform very well during one testing session and ace another!

Module 6 Practice Exercise Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Module 6 Practice Exercise - Assignment Example The gross proceed from the stock sale is 3.080 million dollars. Lil John Industries’ equity includes 1.6 million outstanding shares selling at a price of 33 dollars per share. The total funds raised from equity are 52.8 million dollars. There are 26,000 bonds outstanding selling at 104 percent. The total debt is 26000*1.04*1000=27.04 million dollars. The debt equity ratio is 27.04/52.8=0.5=1:2.assuming the par value to be 1000 dollars. In scenario one where there is no debt, the EPS is obtained through dividing the outstanding shares with the EBIT. In the recession, the EPS is 4.8/9.44=0.51. In the average condition, the EPS is 9.8/9.44=1.04 million. In the boom condition, the EPS is 16.8/9.44=1.78 million. The retention ratio refers to that proportion of the net income paid out through other means and not paid as dividend. It is calculated by subtracting one from the dividend payout ratio (Springer, 2011). Springer L. (2011). How to Find a Stocks Value Using the Dividend Discount Model. Retrieved from